ABSTRACT: Seasonal variations and production factors can influence the quality of grapes. Considering the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, differentiated by production in rainy and warmer periods of the year, the climatic conditions in each season affect the duration of the phenological phases and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the quality components during maturation of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes on different rootstocks, in rainy seasons under tropical conditions, as a support to define the harvest time. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, from Jan to Apr 2017 (cycle 1) and Dec 2017 to Apr 2018 (cycle 2) evaluating rootstocks and age of the fruits. Bunches were picked from the start of maturation to the harvest: 49, 56, 61, 64 and 68 days after fruit set (DAF) for cycle 1, and 35, 41, 48, 55, 61, and 66 DAF for cycle 2. In cycle 1 ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks provided higher sugar contents in grapes, which was only repeated in cycle 2 for ‘Paulsen 1103’. The accumulation of anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids was favored by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ rootstocks in cycle 1, and by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2. A higher content of polyphenols was conferred on ‘IAC 572’ in cycle 1 and on ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2, which also had a greater antioxidant capacity. Although there were differences between rootstocks, harvesting at approximately 64 DAF maximized grape quality for all treatments.

ABSTRACT The São Francisco Valley is the main producing region of table grape in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and physicochemical characteristics of 14 seedless table grape genotypes to select those with potential to be used in commercial crops in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, or as parents in breeding programs. The experiment was carried out over five crop seasons (2014 to 2018), in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 14 seedless table grape genotypes. The results showed significant effects for all variables evaluated. The highest estimated yield per production cycle were found for ‘Marroo Seedless’ (26.5 t·ha-1), ‘BRS Linda’ (26.4 t·ha-1), ‘CNPUV 23’ (24.9 t·ha-1), ‘A1105’ (24.3 t·ha-1),and ‘A Dona’ (20.2 t·ha-1). Soluble solid (SS) content varied from 13.35 ºBrix (‘CNPUV 23’) to 21.63 ºBrix (‘A Dona’). The titratable acidity (TA) of the genotypes varied from 0.27 g·100 mL-1 (‘CNPUV 23’) to 0.72 g·100 mL-1 (‘Crimson Seedless’). Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components explained 81.9% of the data variance, and grouped the best genotypes for production components and fruit chemical composition on different sides of the X-axis. These results allowed the identification of a group of seedless grape cultivars that can be used for commercial crops or as parents for controlled crossings in a local table grape breeding program.

RESUMO Inhame, mandioca, semente de jaca e amêndoa da manga têm potencial para extração de amido e utilização na indústria alimentícia ou para formulação de revestimentos biodegradáveis. Como revestimento, o amido pode ser aplicado em frutas de maturação rápida, como manga, que requer tecnologias para incrementar sua vida útil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o amido de fontes não tradicionais e avaliar o potencial como revestimento em manga ‘Palmer’. Os amidos foram extraídos de mandioca, amêndoa de manga, semente de jaca e inhame, tendo sido caracterizados para propriedades físicas, ópticas e químicas, para posterior uso como revestimentos em manga ‘Palmer’. Os revestimentos utilizados foram amido de mandioca a 3%; de semente de jaca a 3,5%; de amêndoa de manga a 3,5% e de inhame a 3,5%, que foram comparados ao controle (sem revestimento). Os frutos foram armazenados a 24,4 ± 0,3 °C e 87 ± 2% de UR e avaliados por até 12 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 5x7. O teor de amido total foi superior a 70% nas quatro fontes. Os amidos de semente de jaca e de inhame apresentaram maior teor de amilose. Os amidos das quatro fontes apresentaram baixa solubilidade em água e poder de inchamento, destacando-se o de semente de jaca. Os revestimentos mantiveram a qualidade dos frutos, destacando-se o amido de amêndoa de manga por reduzir a respiração e a perda de massa em 27,7% e 33,8%, respectivamente, bem como o da semente de jaca que também atrasou o amarelecimento da casca.

ABSTRACT Yam, cassava, jackfruit seed and mango seed kernel have potential for the extraction and use as starch in the food industry of starch or for the formulation of biodegradable coatings. As a biodegradable coating, starch can be applied in fruits characterized by a fast maturation, such as mango, which requires technologies to increase its shelf life. The aim of this study was to characterize starch from four non-traditional sources and to evaluate their potential as coating for ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Starches used were extracted from cassava, mango seed kernel, jackfruit seed, and yam, and had their physical, optical, and chemical properties characterized for later use as coatings of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Fruits were coated with 3% cassava starch, 3.5% jackfruit seed starch, 3.5% mango seed kernel starch and 3.5% yam starch, and were compared to the control (uncoated). They were then stored at 24.4 ± 0.3 °C and 87 ± 2% RH and evaluated for 12 days. A 5x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized experimental design was adopted. Total starch content was higher than 70% in the four sources of starch. Starches from jackfruit and yam had higher amylose content. The four sources of starch had low water solubility and swelling power, with jackfruit seed starch having the highest values. The coating sources were effective in maintaining quality, particularly mango seed kernel starch because it reduced respiratory rate and weight loss in 27.7% and 33.8%, respectively, as well as jackfruit seed starch as it delayed fruit skin yellowing.

RESUMO ‘BRS Vitória’ é a mais importante cultivar brasileira de uvas de mesa, destacando-se pela ausência de sementes, sabor agradável, elevada produtividade e resisência ao míldio. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do porta-enxerto no rendimento, componentes de produção, vigor, características físicas e físico químicas da uva ‘BRS Vitória’ sob irrigação no semi-árido brasileiro. O experimento foi realizado em oito ciclos consecutivos de produção, no período de 2015 a 2018, em uma área comercial no projeto Senador Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, PE. Os tratamentos foram representados por sete porta-enxertos: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘Harmony’, ‘SO4’, ‘Paulsen 1103’ e ‘Freedom’, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os resultados foram variáveis entre os ciclos de produção, com efeitos significativos do porta-enxerto em alguns ciclos, como também na média geral dos ciclos. As variáveis massa dos ramos após a poda, porcentagem de brotação, índice de fertilidade de gemas e acidez titulável não foram afetadas pelo porta-enxerto em nenhum dos ciclos de produção avaliados neste estudo. O porta-enxerto ‘Harmony’ promoveu maior massa e diâmetro da baga mas reduziu o teor de sólidos solúveis das uvas. A cultivar BRS Vitória apresentou vigor moderado, elevada fertilidade de gemas e produtividade, características de cachos e bagas e teor de acúcares e ácidos que atendem as exigências dos mercados mais exigentes em todos os porta enxertos avaliados neste estudo.

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Vitoria’ is the most important Brazilian table grape cultivar in the domestic and foreign markets, standing out for the seedleness, pleasant flavor, high yield and mildew resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the rootstock on the yield, production components, vigor, and physical and chemical characteristics of the ‘BRS Vitória’ grape under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted over eight consecutive production cycles in the period from 2015 to 2018 in a commercial area in the Senador Nilo Coelho project, Petrolina, PE. The treatments were represented by seven rootstocks: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘Harmony’, ‘SO4’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, and ‘Freedom’, using a randomized block experimental design with four replications. The results were variable among production cycles, with significant effects of the rootstock in some cycles and/or in the overall mean of the cycles. The variables of pruning weight, sprouting, bud fertility, and titratable acidity were not affected by the rootstock in any of the production cycles evaluated in this study. ‘Harmony’ rootstock promoted greater berry mass and diameter but reduced the soluble solids content. Vines of ‘BRS Vitória’ showed moderate vigor, high bud fertility and yield, satisfactory characteristics of bunch and berry, sugars and acids content that meet the requirements of the most demanding markets in all the rootstocks evaluated in this study.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desempenho produtivo e características físico-químicas das uvas ‘BRS Magna’ e ‘Isabel Precoce’ submetidas a dois tipos de poda. Um experimento foi realizado durante dois ciclos de produção, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, em um vinhedo comercial em Petrolina, PE. Os tratamentos foram representados por duas cultivares copa, ‘Isabel Precoce’ e ‘BRS Magna’, e dois tipos de poda, com seleção de ramos laterais na formação da planta (P1) e sem seleção de ramos laterais (P2), utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. A quantidade de gemas mantidas na videira após a poda é mais elevada na poda P2, favorecendo o aumento da produtividade, mas o tamanho dos cachos e das bagas e o teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável não foram influenciados pelo tipo de poda. O tamanho dos cachos e das bagas da cultivar ‘BRS Magna’ é, de modo geral, maior que os de ‘Isabel Precoce’. Por outro lado, o teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável variaram entre as cultivares em função do ciclo de produção e do tipo de poda, estando dentro dos padrões descritos para ambas cultivares e aceitos pela legislação brasileira.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and physicochemical characteristics of ‘BRS Magna’ and ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapes influenced by two types of pruning. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons in a commercial vineyard of Petrolina, PE, in the period 2013-2014. Treatments were represented by two cultivars, ‘Isabel Precoce’ and ‘BRS Magna’, and two types of pruning, with selection during plant formation (P1) and without selection (P2) of lateral branches, using a randomized experimental block design, in subdivided plots and four replicates. After pruning P2, the amount of buds kept on vines was greater than after pruning P1, favoring an increase in yield. However, the sizes of bunches and berries, content of soluble solids, and titratable acidity were not influenced by the pruning type. In general, the sizes of bunches and berries in ‘BRS Magna’ were larger than in the ‘Isabel Precoce’ cultivar. Conversely, content of soluble solids and titratable acidity varied among cultivars as a function of production cycle and type of pruning; however, within the standards described for both cultivars and accepted by the Brazilian legislation.

RESUMO O conhecimento da fertilidade de gemas é um importante subsídio para a seleção de novas cultivares de uvas de mesa com alto potencial produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a porcentagem de brotação e índice de fertilidade de gemas de 14 cultivares e seleções de melhoramento de uvas de mesa durante cinco ciclos de produção. O trabalho foi realizado no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro da Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina-PE, no período 2013-2015, considerando-se como fontes de variação 14 genótipos de uvas de mesa e 5 ciclos de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, avaliando-se a porcentagem de brotação e o índice médio de fertilidade de gemas. Efeito significativo do genótipo sobre a brotação foi observada apenas no 1º e 2º ciclos de produção, entretanto a fertilidade de gemas apresentou interação significativa entre genótipo e ciclo de produção, sendo os maiores valores médios de fertilidade de gemas obtido no 5º ciclo, no 2º semestre de 2015. As cultivares ‘A Dona’, ‘A1105’, ‘BRS Clara’ e Marroo Seedless’ destacaram-se pela alta fertilidade de gemas (médias de 0,78 a 0,95 cachos.broto-1) em todos os ciclos avaliados, com valores mais elevados nas gemas apicais da vara (8ª e 9ª gemas). Estes resultados evidenciam o potencial produtivo dessas novas cultivares no Vale do São Francisco.

ABSTRACT Knowledge of bud fertility is an important aid in selection of new cultivars of table grapes with high yield potential. The aim of this study was to determine the sprouting percentage and fertility index of buds of 11 cultivars and table grape breeding selections over five production cycles. The study was carried out at the Bebedouro Experimental Field of Embrapa Semiárido in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, in the period 2013-2015 considering 14 table grape genotypes and 5 production cycles as sources of variation. A randomized block experimental design was used, evaluating sprouting percentage and the mean bud fertility index. A significant effect of the genotype on sprouting was observed only in the first and second production cycles; however, bud fertility exhibited significant interaction between the genotype and the production cycle, and the highest mean values of bud fertility were obtained in the fifth cycle in the 2nd semester of 2015. The cultivars ‘A Dona’, ‘A1105’, ‘BRS Clara’, and Marroo Seedless’ stood out through high bud fertility (mean values from 0.78 to 0.95 bunches/shoot) in all the cycles evaluated, with higher values in the terminal buds of the cane (8th and 9th buds). These results show the yield potential of these new cultivars in the São Francisco Valley region.